ASSESSMENT OF HAND-DUG WELL WATER QUALITY IN KATCHA, NIGER STATE
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ABSTRACT
This study presents the assessment of water quality of hand-dug wells in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, North Central Nigeria. Twenty hand-dug well water samples were analyzed in both rainy season and dry season. Standard method of water quality measurement were used to determine the Physico-chemical and Bacteriological parameters in accordance with American public health association (APHA, 1992). Values of temperature which range from 28-290C, pH which range from 6.20-7.17 meter, electric conductivity from 323-592µs/cm, total hardness from 136-260mg/l, total alkalinity from 26-78mg/l, dissolved oxygen is 5-9mg/l, chemical oxygen demand from 12.65-17.42mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand from 2-5mg/l, phosphate is 0.46-2.04mg/l, nitrate is 3.55-6.46mg/l, sodium is 13.81- 28.35mg/l, potassium is 3.22-6.72mg/l, calcium is 38.81-72.36mg/l, magnesium is 10.74- 22.81mg/l, carbonate is 10.82-37.63mg/l, iron is 1.93-4.44mg/l, manganese is 0.36-2.52mg/l, cupper is 0.05-0.42mg/l, lead NDmg/l, zinc is 0.40-0.13mg/l for rainy season and value of temperature which range from 29-300C, pH which range from 6.28-7.16 meter, electric conductivity from 66-413µs/cm, total hardness 130-192mg/l, total alkalinity 74-114mg/l, dissolved oxygen 5-8mg/l, chemical oxygen demand 5.9-7.36mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 2-4mg/l, phosphate from 0.12-0.23mg/l, nitrate is 0.24-2.22mg/l, sodium is 5.2- 9.6mg/l, potassium is 1.7-3.5, calcium is 18.75-46.92mg/l, magnesium is 4.22-7.75mg/l, carbonate is 35.56-56.19mg/l, iron is 0.24-2.22mg/l, manganese is 0.01-1.33mg/l, cupper is 0.03-0.35mg/l, lead NDmg/l, zinc is 0.01-0.30mg/l for dry season. The bacteriological parameters range for Echerichial coli is 9×106 -15×106cfu/ml, total coliform is 5- 350cfu/100ml and total bacteria is 42×106 -69×106cfu/100ml for rainy season and Echerichial coli is 3×106-12×106cfu/ml, total coliform is 2-300cfu/100ml and total bacteria is 42×106 -69×106 cfu/100ml for dry season. The average water quality index (WQI) of 75.22 for rain season and 57.83 in dry season indicates that the untreated well water from rural areas in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger state is of fair quality and however must be treated before drinking to avoid water borne diseases. Therefore, the results of this research recommend that there is need for the government to take appropriate measures in safeguarding the health of its citizens and also educate them on the related water diseases that can be found in this water when consumed.
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